Platelet Counts
ANSWERS
A platelet count is a simple blood test determining the number of platelets in your blood. Platelets, also known as thrombocytes, are tiny blood cells that develop from bone marrow cells (megakaryocytes). When a blood vessel is damaged, platelets form clots. For example, if you cut your finger, platelets and clotting factors combine (proteins in the blood). They combine to form a “glue” that stops the bleeding. A single drop of blood contains tens of thousands of platelets.
A platelet count is typically included in a complete blood count. This test counts platelets, white blood cells, and red blood cells. The bone marrow is responsible for the production of blood cells.
When should a platelet count be performed?
During a routine physical examination, your doctor may request a platelet count. Alternatively, if they suspect you have:
- Thrombocytopenia (low platelet count) (low platelet count).
- Thrombocytosis (high platelet count) (high platelet count).
Specifics of the Test
How should I get ready for a platelet count?
Most people do not need to do anything to prepare for a platelet count. Sometimes, your doctor may instruct you to fast (not eat or drink) before the test. Before your blood test, ask your provider if there are any instructions you should follow or medications you should avoid.
What takes place during a platelet count?
It only takes a few minutes to collect blood for a platelet count. You can have the test done at your doctor’s office, a hospital, or a lab. Blood samples are typically taken by a provider known as a lab technician.
The laboratory technician:
Chooses a vein near your elbow on the inside of your arm.
A tourniquet (tight band or cord) is wrapped around your upper arm. The tourniquet forces blood down into your veins, making blood draw easier.
This product cleans the skin around your vein.
A needle is inserted into your vein. You may feel a light stick as well as some discomfort.
Blood is collected in a collection tube.
Removes the tourniquet and needle.
Wrap a small bandage around your arm.
A medical professional places the blood in a small machine. The machine counts the platelets and other blood cells in about a minute.
A blood smear may be performed in some cases by your provider. This additional test uses a microscope to examine a small sample of blood. A blood smear is used to determine the size and shape of blood cells.
Are there any risks associated with a platelet count?
A platelet count is a straightforward and standard test. There are no significant dangers. There may be some minor bleeding where the needle enters your vein. You may also notice minor bruising or soreness inside your arm.
What if I am nervous about having my blood drawn?
Some people are afraid of needles or of having their blood drawn. This is entirely natural. To relax during the test, try to take deep breaths. Looking away from the needle while your blood is drawn may be beneficial. You can also talk to someone to distract yourself during the test.
Follow-up and Results
When will the platelet count results be available?
Your results could arrive the same day as your blood test. Alternatively, you may have to wait about a week. Inquire with your doctor about when you can expect your results.
What does a platelet count mean?
Platelets are counted per microliter of blood as follows:
- Platelet counts normal range: 150,000 to 400,000 platelets per microliter.
- The platelet count is low, with less than 150,000 platelets per microliter.
- Platelet count is high: over 450,000 platelets per microliter.
What if my platelet count is low?
Platelet deficiency can prevent blood clotting. This could be due to the following:
- Damage to the bone marrow. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy are two cancer treatments.
- Cancers such as leukemia and lymphoma.
- Some medications.
- Spleen enlargement
- Drinking excessively (alcohol).
- Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) (a disease that destroys platelets).
- Thrombocytopenia immune (spots of bleeding or bruises under the skin due to low platelets).
- Severe bleeding following an injury.
- Purpura thrombocytopenic purpura (blood clots in small blood vessels throughout the body).
- Infections caused by viruses or bacteria
Symptoms of low platelet count include:
- Blood in your vomit, urine, or feces.
- Easily bruised.
- Excessive bleeding from minor cuts, gum disease, or nosebleeds.
- Menorrhagia (heavy menstrual bleeding) (heavy menstrual bleeding).
- Pain in the muscles or joints.
- Unbearable headaches.
- Dizziness or weakness
What if I have an elevated platelet count?
A high platelet count can result in excessive clotting in your blood vessels. If the platelets interfere with clotting, it can result in excessive bleeding. It could be an indication of the following:
Immune system issues
Infections.
There are issues with the genes that regulate platelet production.
Some types of cancer.
Too many platelets can cause the following symptoms and complications:
- Easily bruised.
- Chest ache
- Thrombosis (blood clotting when not required) (blood clotting when not required).
- Excessive bleeding from minor cuts, gum disease, or nosebleeds.
- Swelling in the legs.
- Breathing difficulty.
- Stroke.
- Tingling or burning sensations in your fingers, hands, and feet.
- Weakness, dizziness, or exhaustion
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