Sexually Transmitted Infections
ANSWER
Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) are illnesses or infections that can be passed from one person to another through sexual contact. STIs are spread by contact with the bodily fluids of an infected person, such as semen, pre-cum, vaginal fluids, or blood. People can contract STIs even if there is no penetrative intercourse. This means that STIs can be spread through skin-to-skin contact or oral sex. Protecting yourself from contracting an STI is important by using condoms and dental dams during sex and avoiding risky behavior like having multiple partners or not getting tested regularly.
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Many people do not show any STI symptoms, making them difficult to diagnose and treat. Some common symptoms may include: sores or bumps on the genitals, itching in the genital area, pain when urinating or having sex, unusual discharge from the penis/vagina, and flu-like symptoms such as fever and body aches. If left untreated, some STIs can cause permanent damage to reproductive organs and infertility. They could even lead to life-threatening complications such as cancer in severe cases.
It is important to get tested for STIs regularly, especially if you are sexually active with multiple partners or have recently had unprotected sex with a partner whose sexual history you don’t know. Knowing your status can help prevent unknowingly spreading an infection to others through unprotected sex. The only way to treat most STIs is with antibiotics prescribed by a doctor, so it is important to seek medical attention if you believe you have been exposed to one or have any signs or symptoms of an infection. Vaccines are available for certain STIs, including HPV, hepatitis B, chlamydia, and gonorrhea, so talk with your healthcare provider about which ones might be right for you.
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It is also important to practice safe sex to reduce your risk of contracting an STI, including using condoms during all forms of sexual intercourse (including oral), limiting your number of sexual partners, not sharing needles if injecting drugs, getting vaccinated against certain infections where available, and avoiding alcohol and drug use which could impair judgement leading to risky behaviors around unprotected sex.