ANSWER
There is a need to provide educational programs designed to encourage practitioners to promote the inclusion o all citizens into leisure services (Further & Delia, 2015). Though some education models intended to empowersessions to promote inclusion (e.g., Simplican, Leader, Kosciulek, & Leahy,2015), Blanton and Pugach (2017) conclude that research on education or inclusion is increasingly available. However, it is fragmented primarily because models have yet to be developed explaining how best to prepare prosessionals to serve all participants well. In addition, research on inclusion and subsequent explanations are typically confined to school contexts and do not focus on leisure engagement. Challenging some aspects othe model presented here resemble Dattilo’s (2015) leisure education service delivery model; this educational model provides guidelines for educators, administrators, and researchers to teach practitioners and students about how to develop and implement inclusive leisure services rather than being a service delivery model intended directly to guide practice. This paper describes an educational model with the ultimate purpose to offer structure to teach about ways to provide inclusive leisure services, as illustrated in the center circle o Figure 1. The word leisure describes a complex and multidimensional experience, process, and subjective state o mind that transcends time, environments, and situations (Pieper, 1963). (Pieper, 1963). When we experience leisure, we believe we are free to participate; feel positive emotions such as enjoyment; find our experience to bemeaningul and contribute to our sense o identity; are intrinsically motivated to engage in the experience; and become sel-determined (Dattilo, Kleiber, & Williams,1998) (Dattilo, Kleiber, & Williams,1998). Ofen, leisure is restricted or people experiencing oppression (e.g., Darcy, Lock,& Taylor, 2017). Oppression involves the domination and repression o a person
179\sEducation Model for Inclusive Leisure Services\sor group by another person or group in power who exert authority or power excessively and unjustly with recipients encountering this injustice repeatedly(Mowatt & Schmalz, 2014). (Mowatt & Schmalz, 2014). Oppression leads to stigmatization (Goffman, 1963) and a violation o a person or group’s values or rights, such as freedom, justice, and peace. The Te\sUniversal Declaration of Human Rights adopted by The United Nations (1948)stipulates such rights. Violations o these human rights result in unjust systematic disparities and inequities that negatively influence individuals’ and groups’ health and human development (Baehr, 2016). (Baehr, 2016). I we acquire an understanding o oppression, this awareness, in conjunction with developing our ethics, compels us to remedy the situation and promote inclusion.
Barriers to Inclusive Leisure Experiences
There are various barriers people experience when pursuing leisure. As seen in Figure 1, social, psychological, and physical barriers often inhibit individuals from experiencing leisure, reducing their ability to be happy and flourish.
Social
Negative attitudes represent a significant obstacle to involvement in one’s community(Shenkman, Irah, & Shmotkin, 2017). Throughout the world, various groups, such as\sFigure 1.\sAn Education Model to Promote Inclusive Leisure Services
180\sDattilo\solder adults or people who are members o ethnic, racial, socioeconomic, and religious groups who have been marginalized, are not entirely accepted or are discriminated against or devalued by those sharing mainstream cultural perspectives. Unfortunately, social barriers based on negative attitudes o members o a community toward dizenran-chised people may halt progress o inclusion efforts or deprive them o assistance or success (Swami & Horachek, 2013). (Swami & Horace, 2013).
Psychological
At times, negative social encounters and other challenges result in people experiencing psychological responses creating barriers to leisure. For instance, when our freedom o choice is limited, we may engage in reactance by demonstrating negative behaviors as we attempt to regain access to choices (Brehm, 1966), or when we encounter an environment that is not responsive to our efforts, we way may perceive we are helpless (Seligman, 1975). (Seligman, 1975). In addition, we tend to be less motivated when we findourselves in situations that people in positions o authority create that are controlling, unresponsive, and hostile (Xing, Zhang, Shao, & Wang, 2017). (Xing, Zhang, Shao, & Wang, 2017). When we find a mismatch between our skills and the challenge o activities, we tend to experience boredom with the challenge is too low and anxiety when the challenge is too high(Csikszentmihalyi, 2014). (Csikszentmihalyi, 2014).
Physical
Various health impairments and disabling circumstances result in people having substantial obstacles accessing leisure pursuits (Swain, French, Barnes, & Tomas,2013) (Swain, French, Barnes, & Tomas,2013). Many people have conditions creating challenges to communication that may limit their social interactions and reduce their sense o mobility; fortunately, physical or environmental barriers often create intensey these limitations (Dattiloet et al., 2008). (Dattiloet al., 2008).
Strategies Designed to Promote Inclusive Leisure Experiences
Strategies designed to reduce or eliminate social, psychological, and physical barriers to experiencing inclusive leisure services cluster into five major approaches: being ethical and celebrating inclusion, upholding human-civil rights and legislation, and promoting social, psychological, and physical engagement. Arrows breaking through barriers to inclusive leisure in Figure 1 depict these strategies.
Be Ethical and Celebrate Inclusion
Be ethical.
Ethics involve rules o behavior based on ideas o what is morally right or wrong that have us consider the implications o our behaviors beyond ourselves and choose actions that demonstrate respect for others (Russell, 2013). (Russell, 2013). If we recognize oppression and work to apply ethical standards, demonstrate compassion (Krueger,2013), and commit ourselves to be empathetic, we are likely to increase our understanding o the lives o diverse people who encounter oppression and are in a position to provide meaningul and enjoyable, inclusive leisure services. There are underlying ethical assumptions associated with this educational modelor inclusive leisure services coalescing into three categories with one category reer-
QUESTION
APA format
1) Minimum 12 pages (No word count per page)- Follow the 3 x 3 rule: minimum of three paragraphs per page
You must strictly comply with the number of paragraphs requested per page.
The number of words in each paragraph should be similar
Part 1: minimum 3 pages
Part 2: minimum 3 pages
Part 3: minimum 3 pages
Part 4: minimum 3 pages
Submit 1 document per part
2)¨******APA norms
The number of words in each paragraph should be similar
Must be written in the third person
All paragraphs must be narrative and cited in the text- each paragraph
The writing must be coherent, using connectors or conjunctive to extend, add information, or contrast information.
Bulleted responses are not accepted
Don’t write in the first person
Do not use subtitles or titles
Don’t copy and paste the questions.
Answer the question objectively, do not make introductions to your answers, answer it when you start the paragraph
Submit 1 document per part
3)****************************** It will be verified by Turnitin (Identify the percentage of exact match of writing with any other resource on the internet and academic sources, including universities and data banks)
********************************It will be verified by SafeAssign (Identify the percentage of similarity of writing with any other resource on the internet and academic sources, including universities and data banks)
4) Minimum 3 references (APA format) per part not older than 5 years (Journals, books) (No websites)
Parts 1 and 2: Minimum 6 references (APA format) per part not older than 5 years (Journals, books) (No websites)
All references must be consistent with the topic-purpose-focus of the parts. Different references are not allowed
5) Identify your answer with the numbers, according to the question. Start your answer on the same line, not the next
Example:
Q 1. Nursing is XXXXX
Q 2. Health is XXXX
Q3. Research is…………………………………………………. (a) The relationship between……… (b) EBI has to
6) You must name the files according to the part you are answering:
Example:
Part 1.doc
Part 2.doc
__________________________________________________________________________________
The number of words in each paragraph should be similar
Part 1: Psychopharmacology
Topic: Amitriptyline
1. Describe uses for treatment FDA approved (one paragraph)
2. Explain Off label uses (one paragraph)
3. Contraindications (one paragraph)
4. Mechanism of action (one paragraph)
5. Potential side effects(one paragraph)
6. Lab monitoring/ follow up (one paragraph)
7. Explain the role of the Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner in the role of prescribing the medication (one paragraph)
8. Explain the role of the Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner in the role of managing the medication (one paragraph)
9. Conclusion (one paragraph)
The number of words in each paragraph should be similar
Part 2: Psychopharmacology
Topic: Agomelatine
1. Describe uses for treatment FDA approved (one paragraph)
2. Explain Off label uses (one paragraph)
3. Contraindications (one paragraph)
4. Mechanism of action (one paragraph)
5. Potential side effects(one paragraph)
6. Lab monitoring/ follow up (one paragraph)
7. Explain the role of the Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner in the role of prescribing the medication (one paragraph)
8. Explain the role of the Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner in the role of managing the medication (one paragraph)
9. Conclusion (one paragraph)
Parts 3 and 4 have the same questions. However, you must answer with references and different writing, always addressing them objectively, as if you were different students. Similar responses in wording or references will not be accepted.
Part 3: Inclusive Recreation Services
Topic: Ethical Assumptions and Leisure
Read the eight statements presented below:
a. Assumption #1 (Humans): All People Deserve Our Respect
b. Assumption #2 (Humans): Everyone Has the Right to Self-Determination
c. Assumption #3 (Humans): No One Can Be Reduced to One Characteristic
d. Assumption #4 (Ideals): Inclusion Is Good
e. Assumption #5 (Ideals): Diversity Enriches Our World
f. Assumption #6 (Service Providers): With Great Power Comes Great Responsibility
g. Assumption #7 (Service Providers): We Ought to Consider Perspectives Different From Our Own
h. Assumption #8 (Service Providers): Critical and Constructive Thinking Contribute to a More Just Society
1. Describe why you think each of these assumptions are listed at the beginning of the Textbook “Inclusive Leisure Services”(4TH Ed). (Three paragraphs)
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
2. Which of these assumptions do you think are the most important? (One paragraph)
a. Explain reasons why you selected these particular assumptions.
3. Which of the assumptions have you spent limited time thinking about? (One paragraph)
a. Explain
4. Select one of the assumptions. (One paragraph)
a. What is the relationship between that assumption and providing inclusive leisure services?
Part 4: Inclusive Recreation Services
Topic: Ethical Assumptions and Leisure
Read the eight statements presented below:
a. Assumption #1 (Humans): All People Deserve Our Respect
b. Assumption #2 (Humans): Everyone Has the Right to Self-Determination
c. Assumption #3 (Humans): No One Can Be Reduced to One Characteristic
d. Assumption #4 (Ideals): Inclusion Is Good
e. Assumption #5 (Ideals): Diversity Enriches Our World
f. Assumption #6 (Service Providers): With Great Power Comes Great Responsibility
g. Assumption #7 (Service Providers): We Ought to Consider Perspectives Different From Our Own
h. Assumption #8 (Service Providers): Critical and Constructive Thinking Contribute to a More Just Society
1. Describe why you think each of these assumptions are listed at the beginning of the Textbook “Inclusive Leisure Services”(4TH Ed). (Three paragraphs)
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
2. Which of these assumptions do you think are the most important? (One paragraph)
a. Explain reasons why you selected these particular assumptions.
3. Which of the assumptions have you spent limited time thinking about? (One paragraph)
a. Explain
4. Select one of the assumptions. (One paragraph)
a. What is the relationship between that assumption and providing inclusive leisure services?