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Psychology

Psychology

ANSWER
Psychology is the study of the mind and behavior, according to the American Psychological Association. It is the study of the mind, how it works, and how it affects behavior.

The APA adds that it “embraces all aspects of the human experience, from the functions of the brain to the actions of nations, from child development to care for the aged.”

Psychologists and psychiatrists work together to help people with mental health conditions, but they are not quite the same.
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A psychologist treats a patient through psychotherapy, helping to relieve symptoms through behavioral change. The role of the psychiatrist, who is a medical doctor, focuses more on prescribing medication and other interventions to manage mental health conditions.

Fast facts about psychology
Psychology is the study of behavior and the mind.
There are different types of psychology, such as cognitive, forensic, social, and developmental psychology.
A person with a condition that affects their mental health may benefit from assessment and treatment with a psychologist.
A psychologist may offer treatment that focuses on behavioral adaptations.
A psychiatrist is a medical doctor who is more likely to focus on medical management of mental health issues.
What is psychology?

The work of a psychologist can range from counseling individuals with anxiety to advising companies on how to build better teams.

The mind is highly complex, and conditions that relate to it can be hard to treat.

Thought processes, emotions, memories, dreams, perceptions, and so on cannot be seen physically, like a skin rash or heart defect.

While physical signs of some mental health issues can be observed, such as the plaques that develop with Alzheimer’s disease, many theories of psychology are based on observation of human behavior.

A practicing psychologist will meet with patients, carry out assessments to find out what their concerns are and what is causing any difficulties, and recommend or provide treatment, for example, through counselling and psychotherapy.

Psychologists may have other roles, too. They may carry out studies to advise health authorities and other bodies on social and other strategies, assess children who find it difficult to learn in school, give workshops on how to prevent bullying, work with recruitment teams in companies, and much more.

Branches of psychology
There are different types of psychology that serve different purposes. There is no fixed way of classifying them, but here are some common types.

Clinical psychology
Clinical psychology integrates science, theory, and practice in order to understand, predict and relieve problems with adjustment, disability, and discomfort. It promotes adaption, adjustment, and personal development.

A clinical psychologist concentrates on the intellectual, emotional, biological, psychological, social, and behavioral aspects of human performance throughout a person’s life, across varying cultures and socioeconomic levels.

Clinical psychology can help us to understand, prevent, and alleviate psychologically-caused distress or dysfunction, and promote an individual’s well-being and personal development.
Psychology
Psychological assessment and psychotherapy are central to the practice of clinical psychology, but clinical psychologists are often also involved in research, training, forensic testimony, and other areas.

Cognitive psychology
Cognitive psychology investigates internal mental processes, such as problem solving, memory, learning, and language. It looks at how people think, perceive, communicate, remember, and learn. It is closely related to neuroscience, philosophy, and linguistics.

Cognitive psychologists look at how people acquire, process, and store information.

Practical applications include how to improve memory, increase the accuracy of decision-making, or how to set up educational programs to boost learning.

Developmental psychology
This is the scientific study of the systematic psychological changes that a person goes through throughout their life, also known as human development.

It targets not only infants and young children, but also teenagers, adults, and the elderly.

Motor skills, problem solving, moral understanding, language acquisition, emotions, personality, self-concept, and identity formation are all factors.

It also compares innate mental structures to learned mental structures, or how a person’s characteristics interact with environmental factors and how this affects development.

Linguistics and developmental psychology are fields that overlap.

The psychology of evolution
Evolutionary psychology investigates how psychological changes during evolution have influenced human behavior, such as language.

Many human psychological traits, according to evolutionary psychologists, are adaptive in the sense that they have allowed us to survive for thousands of years.

Criminal psychology
Forensic psychology is the application of psychology to criminal investigation and law.

A forensic psychologist is a psychologist who works as a scientist in the criminal justice system and civil courts.

It entails evaluating the psychological factors that may influence a case or behavior and presenting the results in court.

Psychology of health
Behavioral medicine and medical psychology are other terms for health psychology.

It investigates the effects of behavior, biology, and social context on illness and health.

A physician will often focus on the biological causes of a disease first, whereas a health psychologist will look at the whole person and what influences their health status. This may include their socioeconomic status, education, and background, as well as behaviors that may have an impact on the disease, such as medication adherence.

In clinical settings, health psychologists typically collaborate with other medical professionals.

Neuropsychology
The study of the structure and function of the brain in relation to behaviors and psychological processes is known as neuropsychology. If a condition involves lesions in the brain, and assessments that involve recording electrical activity in the brain, neuropsychology may be involved.

A neuropsychological evaluation is used to determine whether a person is likely to have behavioral issues as a result of a suspected or diagnosed brain injury, such as a stroke.

The results can help a doctor provide treatment that may help the individual achieve possible improvements in cognitive damage.

Occupational psychology is the study of how people work.
Occupational or organizational psychologists assess and make recommendations about people’s performance at work and in training.

They assist businesses in finding more efficient ways to operate and in understanding how individuals and groups behave at work.

This data can aid in increasing effectiveness, efficiency, job satisfaction, and employee retention.

The study of social psychology
Social psychology employs scientific methods to study how social influences influence human behavior. It attempts to explain how the actual, imagined, or implied presence of other people influences feelings, behavior, and thoughts.

Group behavior, social perception, nonverbal behavior, conformity, aggression, prejudice, and leadership are all examined by a social psychologist. Understanding social behavior requires an understanding of social perception and social interaction.

Military, consumer, educational, cross-cultural, and environmental psychology are some of the other branches. The number of branches is increasing.

History
Psychology appeared in philosophical context thousands of years ago in ancient Greece, Egypt, India, Persia, and China.

Plato proposed in 387 BCE that mental processes take place in the brain, while Aristotle proposed in 335 BCE that it is the heart.

Avicenna, a famous Muslim physician who was born in 980 AD, studied and treated epilepsy, nightmares, and poor memory. In medieval times, Islamic doctors are said to have established the first psychiatric hospitals.

In 1774, Franz Mesmer proposed that hypnosis, or “mesmerism,” could aid in the treatment of certain types of mental illness.

Philippe Pinel released the first patients with mental health issues from confinement in 1793, signaling a shift toward more humane treatment.

Wilhelm Wundt of Germany established psychology as an independent experimental field of study in 1879. He established the first laboratory dedicated solely to psychological research at Leipzig University. Wundt is widely regarded as the father of psychology.

William James, an American philosopher, published Principles of Psychology in 1890. For decades, psychologists all over the world debated it. The same year, New York State passed the State Care Act, which required people with mental health problems to leave poor houses and seek treatment in a hospital.

The American Psychological Association (APA) was founded in 1890, led by G. The Stanley Hall.

Hermann Abbingaus, who lived from 1850 to 1909 and worked at the University of Berlin, was the first psychologist to conduct extensive research on memory.

Ivan Pavlov (1849–1936) conducted the famous experiment that demonstrated that dogs salivated when they expected food, introducing the concept of “conditioning.”

Sigmund Freud, an Austrian who lived from 1856 to 1939, pioneered the field of psychoanalysis, a type of psychotherapy. To gain an understanding of the mind, he used interpretive methods, introspection, and clinical observations.

He was particularly interested in resolving unconscious conflict, mental distress, and psychopathology. Freud contended that the unconscious was responsible for the majority of people’s thoughts and behavior, as well as mental health issues.

E. B Titchener, an American, was a firm believer in structuralism, which focuses on the question, “What is consciousness? ”

Functionalism, which addressed the question “What is consciousness for?” was strongly held by William James and John Dewey.

The debate between functionalists and structuralists sparked a surge in interest in psychology in the United States and elsewhere, as well as the establishment of the country’s first psychology laboratory at Johns Hopkins University.

Behaviorism
John B. Watson, an American psychologist, founded a new movement in 1913 that shifted the focus of psychology.

He contended that behavior is the result of how we respond to our surroundings rather than internal mental processes.

Behaviorism was concerned with how people learn new behaviors from their surroundings.

Humanism
Humanists believed that behaviorism and psychoanalytic theory were too dehumanizing.

They proposed that humans are innately good and that our own mental processes play an active role in our behavior, rather than being victims of the environment or the unconscious.

The humanist movement places a high value on emotions, free will, and a subjective interpretation of experience.

Theoretical Psychology
This is the most recent school of thought in psychology, having been introduced in the 1970s.

Cognitive theorists believe that we take in information from our surroundings through our senses and then mentally process it by organizing, manipulating, remembering, and relating it to previously stored information.

Language, memory, learning, perceptual systems, mental disorders, and dreams are all affected by cognitive theory.

Today
Nowadays, psychologists examine all of these approaches and select what appears to be the best from each for a given situation.

How do I go about becoming a psychologist?
According to the American Psychological Association (APA), in the United States, a pschologist with a doctorate in psychology from an accredited university can become licensed to practice. Furthermore, each state has its own licensing requirements.

The article is also available in Spanish.

The most recent medical review was on February 1, 2018.

Psychiatry / Psychology of Mental Health
This is how we reviewed the article:

SOURCES
Spread the word about this article.

Timothy J. Legg, PhD, PsyD reviewed the medical review — Yvette Brazier on February 1, 2018

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Creating an account
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Advantages and disadvantages
Alternatives
Comparison
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ReGain is an online platform that connects people who are having relationship problems with licensed therapists for couples counseling. ReGain provides support for depression, anxiety, trauma, grief, and other issues. Couples counseling, on the other hand, is not recommended by experts for people in abusive relationships.

A person does not have to attend counseling sessions with their partner to use ReGain. Individual relationship counseling, according to 2021Trusted Source research, can also effectively reduce psychological distress caused by relationship issues.

Distress in a relationship has been shown in scientific studies to be harmful. External stress can cause partner tension, lower relationship satisfaction, and increase relationship conflict.

Trusted Source causes a decrease in well-being and an increase in physical health symptoms. The majority of people who seek couples counseling state that they want to talk about divorce, communication issues, and a lack of emotional closeness.

This article looks at the online relationship counseling service ReGain, how it works, and who it might be appropriate for.

What exactly is ReGain and how does it work?
ReGain is a relationship counseling service that is available online. It’s been in operation since 2016.

When a person joins ReGain, the service matches them with a therapist. A person can then make counseling appointments with their assigned therapist whenever they want.

These conversations can take place over the phone, via video chat, or via instant message.

According to ReGain, the counseling sessions provided by the platform’s therapists are appropriate for individuals or couples.

If a couple wishes to begin counseling, they can do so individually with their therapist.

It should be noted, however, that ReGain’s phone and video sessions do not support three-way sessions. This means that if a couple wishes to attend counseling sessions together, they must do so in the same location.

How to Register
To join ReGain, a person must first complete an online assessment. This is so they can express their counseling needs and preferences and be matched to a therapist based on those preferences.

The assessment requests the following information:

whether a user wishes to invite a partner to join the account
what they hope to achieve through counseling
personal information such as gender, age, financial situation, and sexual orientation
Gender, age, political views, and religion are some of their therapist preferences.
information about their partner, such as whether or not they live together and whether or not domestic violence is an issue
If a person answers these questions correctly, they can invite their partner to join the account.

How a person corresponds with a counselor
The ReGain system will match a person with a therapist after they complete and submit the questionnaire. The therapist with whom a person is matched will be determined by the state in which they live, any therapist preferences stated on the survey, and their counseling needs.

Depending on counselor availability, the process of matching with a therapist can take a few hours or a few days.

If a person is unhappy with the counselor with whom they have been matched, they can request a change through their account.

Therapist credentials
According to the ReGain website, all therapists on the platform are fully qualified, licensed, trained, and experienced.

According to ReGain, all therapists on the platform have a master’s or doctoral degree in their field.

Accredited psychologists, licensed marriage and family therapists, clinical social workers, and professional therapists are among the therapists on ReGain.

According to the ReGain website, all of its therapists have at least three years of experience, are licensed by their state’s professional board, and specialize in relationship therapy.

Sessions of counseling
Once a person has been matched with a therapist, they will have access to an online chatroom. They can communicate openly with their therapist here.

Couples who are undergoing counseling together will have access to this room. Individuals can, however, contact their therapist privately if they so desire.

This room is open 24 hours a day, seven days a week, so that a person can contact their therapist at any time. Depending on their availability, a person will receive responses from their therapist.

This chatroom can also be used to schedule a counseling session.

Sessions can take place via phone, live video chat, or instant messaging. If one format works better for them than another, a person can change the format in which they receive their counseling sessions.

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Stay in touch by phone, video, or live chat sessions. Plans begin at $60 per week, plus a 20% discount on your first month.

Therapy types available
At the moment, ReGain only provides relationship counseling. However, therapists may employ a variety of methods and techniques to assist people in resolving relationship issues.

If a person is unhappy with the style of therapy provided by their current therapist, they can request a change.

Who should use ReGain?
ReGain may be appropriate for anyone experiencing relationship difficulties. Many therapists also work with other issues such as anxiety, depression, grief, anger, and addiction, as well as parenting issues and LGBTQIA+ issues.

To use ReGain’s services, users must be over the age of 18 and have internet access. According to the ReGain website, the company built its platform in accordance with the most recent Web Content Accessibility Guidelines at the AA level.

The National Domestic Violence Hotline does not recommend that someone in an abusive relationship attend relationship counseling. It claims that this is because counseling cannot correct the unequal power structure that is common in abusive relationships. Furthermore, an abusive partner may use what is said during a counseling session against a person after the session is over.

Instead of couples counseling, the hotline recommends that anyone experiencing abuse contact a domestic abuse organization for help.

Options for Subscription
ReGain provides a single subscription package that includes all of the features available on the ReGain platform.

The subscription costs between $240 and $360 per month, or $60 and $90 per week, depending on the person’s location, preferences, and the therapist’s qualifications. Individual and couples sessions are both the same price.

A person will not know the cost of their subscription until they have completed the sign-up process.

They have the option to cancel their ReGain membership at any time.

Users can pay with a credit card or through PayPal. Although ReGain does not accept health insurance, subscribers can try to get the subscription cost reimbursed through their insurance company if they so desire.

Data sharing and privacy policies
When signing up for this service, no one is ever required to provide their legal or full name. Instead, they can give a nickname.

People will, however, need to provide ReGain with some emergency contact information. This information is only used by ReGain if a therapist believes a person is in danger.

ReGain states that it does not share any information provided to the platform with a third party, and that any discussions with a therapist are private. If desired, messages can be “shred” after they have been sent. This removes the message from the chatroom.

ReGain has a privacy policy in place to protect any information provided.

ReGain customer feedback
ReGain currently lacks accreditation with the Better Business Bureau (BBB), earning the company a F grade. The BBB also warns that mail sent to ReGain was returned, implying that the organization is unable to complete a comprehensive profile of the company.

Customers who left reviews on the Better Business Bureau rate ReGain 3.47 out of 5 stars on average. In the last year, the company has resolved 24 complaints.

Customers give ReGain an average rating of 3.2 out of 5 stars on Trustpilot.

Positive feedback on both platforms indicates that ReGain’s website and app are simple to use, and that sessions with the company have assisted couples in improving their communication skills and relationships.

However, negative reviews claim that counselors take too long to respond and that there are no urgent available slots. Others claim that the platform connected them with a therapist who was not licensed to practice in their state.

Advantages and disadvantages
ReGain has a number of benefits and drawbacks.

Pros
A person can register as a couple or as an individual.
Every therapist is fully qualified.
Online therapy sessions eliminate the need for a person to travel.
Therapists can be contacted 24 hours a day, seven days a week.
It is simple to change therapists.
It is simple to cancel your subscription at any time.
Cons
focus solely on relationship issues
There is no psychiatry available.
If a person’s therapist is unavailable, they may have to wait for responses.
There is no free trial available.
An algorithm matches people with therapists.
A person may not be able to claim insurance costs back.
ReGain Alternatives
Talkspace and Couples Therapy provide services similar to ReGain.

Talkspace
Talkspace is a platform that provides online counseling for individuals, couples, and children aged 13 to 17. It also provides psychiatry services, where board-certified psychiatrists can treat people suffering from mental illnesses such as anxiety and depression.

The platform is a subscription service that costs between $65 and $100 per week. People have the option to cancel at any time.

Inc. Couples Therapy
Couples Therapy Inc’s mission is to assist couples in reducing distress and improving communication in their relationships. It puts people in touch with psychologists, marriage counselors, social workers, and family therapists.

Traditional counseling sessions are available, as well as couples’ retreats, sexuality retreats, premarital counseling, and affair recovery. It also provides free courses on what to expect during couples therapy.

Sessions range between $150 and 275 dollars and last 55 minutes.

ReGain in comparison to competitors
The table that follows compares ReGain, Talkspace, and Couples Therapy Inc.

Couples Therapy at ReGain Talkspace Inc.
Individuals are who it is for.
couples individuals
couples
teenagers couples
Psychologists are one type of medical professional.
Marriage counselors
therapists for families
Clinical psychologists and social workers
psychiatrists psychologists
Marriage therapists
workers in social services
therapists for families
Insurance is not accepted for marriage counseling.
BBB grade F B with no profile
3.2 out of 5 stars on Trustpilot 1.2 out of 5 stars no reviews
Price ranges from $60 per week to $65 per week to $150 per session.
ReGain frequently asked questions
In this section, we answer some frequently asked questions about this platform.

What is the price of ReGain?
According to ReGain, its services range between $60 and $90 per week.

The fee a person pays is determined by their location, counseling preferences, and the availability of the platform’s therapists.

Is ReGain a genuine company?
ReGain claims to work with licensed therapists, psychologists, and clinical social workers with master’s or doctoral degrees.

The service, however, has received mixed reviews. To learn more about how the company operates, people may want to read reviews on the BBB, Trustpilot, and other review sites.

Is ReGain an insurance provider?
Insurance is not accepted by ReGain.

It can, however, provide a service receipt for people whose insurance provider covers a portion of the cost.

Summary
ReGain is an online relationship counseling platform for individuals and couples. According to research, relationship distress can have an impact on a person’s work, family, and social life, and couples counseling can help improve discordant relationships.

To use ReGain’s services, a person must first complete an online questionnaire, which is then matched with a suitable counselor using an algorithm.

A person can communicate with their counselor through a chatroom, where they can schedule live sessions by phone, video chat, or instant message.

Couples counseling is not recommended if a person is in an abusive relationship, according to experts. Instead, people can seek assistance from a well-established domestic violence organization.
QUESTION
Psychosocial development

APA style

Eric Ericsson’s 8 stages of life

Real-world examples per stage

5 references within 5 years

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