ANSWER
In a general hospital. A hospital that offers various services to patients of various ages and with varying disease conditions.
It has a specialized medical facility. A hospital that primarily admits patients suffering from a specific disease or affection of one system or that is dedicated to diagnosing and treating conditions affecting a specific age group or that are chronic.
District/primary referral hospital. A first-level referral hospital is responsible for a district or a defined geographical area with a population. It is governed by a politico-administrative organization such as a district health management team. District hospitals’ roles in primary health care have evolved from being primarily curative and rehabilitative to include promotional, preventive, and educational functions as part of a primary healthcare approach. The district hospital serves the following purposes:
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– It provides critical support to other health services and health care in general in the district.
– It provides comprehensive technical and administrative support, as well as education and training in primary health care.
– It provides a practical, affordable health-care service to a defined population, with their full participation, in collaboration with district agencies concerned with similar issues.
Primary healthcare facility. A service center is usually the first point of contact with a health professional. They include, among other things, services provided by general practitioners, dentists, community nurses, pharmacists, and midwives.
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Medical personnel
Physicians/doctors. All faculty or school of medicine graduates currently work in any medical field in the country (practice, teaching, administration, research, laboratory, etc.).
Midwives. All individuals who have completed a midwifery education program and obtained the necessary qualifications to be registered and legally licensed to practice midwifery are currently working in the country. The individual may or may not have prior nursing training.
Nurses are all people who have completed a basic nursing education program and are qualified, registered, or authorized to provide responsible and competent service for the promotion of health, illness prevention, sick care, and rehabilitation and are currently working in the country.
Pharmacists are all graduates of any pharmacy faculty or school currently working in the country in pharmacies, hospitals, laboratories, industry, and so on.
Dentists are all graduates of any faculty or school of dentistry, odontology, or stomatology currently working in any dental field in the country.
Other medical professionals (including community health workers). All employees meet the national definition of a healthcare provider but are not physicians/doctors, midwives, nurses, pharmacists, or dentists.
Inpatient. A person who is admitted to a healthcare facility and then discharged after one or more days.
Outpatient. A person who goes to a healthcare facility for a consultation and leaves within three hours of the consultation starting. Outpatients have yet to be officially admitted to the facility.
DEFINITIONS FROM THE EUROPEAN OBSERVATORY ON HEALTH SYSTEMS AND POLICIES (http://www.euro.who.int/observatory/Glossary/TopPage?ID=D)
Ambulatory treatment. All health services are provided to patients, not confined to an institutional bed as inpatients when services are rendered (USAID, 1999). Outpatient care refers to ambulatory care provided in facilities that also provide inpatient care. Ambulatory care services are available in various settings, including physician’s offices, freestanding ambulatory surgical facilities, and cardiac catheterization centers. In some contexts, the term excludes emergency services provided in tertiary hospitals (USAID, 1999).
Child care. Medical and paramedical services are provided to patients formally admitted for diagnosis, treatment, or other health care to discharge the patient on the same day.
Long-term care is available. Long-term care encompasses a wide range of assistance with daily activities that chronically disabled people require for an extended period. Long-term care is primarily concerned with keeping or improving the ability of older adults with disabilities to function as independently as possible for as long as possible; it also includes social and environmental needs and is thus broader than the medical model that dominates acute care; it is primarily low-tech, though it has become more complicated as older people with complex medical needs are discharged to, or remain in, traditional long-term care facilities. Nursing homes, visiting nurses, home intravenous, and other services for chronically ill or disabled people are available.
Social assistance. Long-term inpatient care services include community care services such as daycare centers and social services for the chronically ill, the elderly, and other special-needs groups such as the mentally ill, mentally disabled, and physically handicapped. The line between health and social care varies by country, particularly for social services that include a significant but not dominant healthcare component, such as long-term care for dependent older people.
QUESTION
Primary care is the foundation of our health care system and essential to better health outcomes, lower costs, and healthier families and communities.
It is:
· The first point of care
· Comprehensive, addressing all that contributes to a person’s health and well-being
· The care that follows a person from childhood through old age
· Coordination of care across settings and providers
1. What are the challenges to nurses who are generally seen as having less authority than doctors in the decision-making process related to patient care in primary care?
2. Does this perception increase patient negative outcomes?
3. Do historical stereotypes that influence current behaviors?
What would equal partnership in an inter-professional team look like?