ANSWER
Artificial intelligence (AI) is the simulation of human intelligence in machines that are programmed to think and act like humans. The term can also refer to any machine that exhibits human-like characteristics such as learning and problem-solving.
The ability of artificial intelligence to rationalize and take actions that have the best chance of achieving a specific goal is its ideal feature. Machine learning (ML) is a subset of artificial intelligence that refers to the concept that computer programs can automatically learn from and adapt to new data without the assistance of humans. Deep learning techniques facilitate automatic learning by absorbing massive amounts of unstructured data such as text, images, or video.
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KEY LESSONS
The simulation or approximation of human intelligence in machines is referred to as artificial intelligence (AI).
Artificial intelligence’s goals include computer-enhanced learning, reasoning, and perception.
AI is being used in a variety of industries today, from finance to healthcare.
Weak AI is simple and focused on a single task, whereas strong AI performs more complex and human-like tasks.
Some critics are concerned that widespread use of advanced AI will have a negative impact on society.
Understanding Machine Learning (AI)
When most people hear the term artificial intelligence, they immediately think of robots. This is due to the fact that big-budget films and novels weave stories about human-like machines wreaking havoc on Earth. However, this could not be further from the truth.
Artificial intelligence is based on the idea that human intelligence can be defined in such a way that a machine can easily mimic it and execute tasks ranging from the most basic to the most complex. Artificial intelligence’s goals include mimicking human cognitive activity. To the extent that these can be concretely defined, researchers and developers in the field are making surprisingly rapid strides in mimicking activities such as learning, reasoning, and perception. Some believe that innovators will soon be able to create systems that outperform humans’ ability to learn or reason about any subject. Others, however, remain skeptical because all cognitive activity is laced with value judgments based on human experience.
As technology advances, previous artificial intelligence benchmarks become obsolete. Machines that calculate basic functions or recognize text using optical character recognition, for example, are no longer considered to embody artificial intelligence because these functions are now assumed to be inherent in computers.
AI is constantly evolving to benefit a wide range of industries. Machines are wired using a multidisciplinary approach that incorporates mathematics, computer science, linguistics, psychology, and other disciplines.
Algorithms are frequently used in the structure of artificial intelligence, with simple algorithms used in simple applications and more complex ones helping to frame strong artificial intelligence.
Artificial Intelligence Applications
Artificial intelligence has a plethora of applications. The technology can be used in a variety of sectors and industries. AI is being tested and used in the healthcare industry for drug dosing and treatment of specific patients, as well as assisting in surgical procedures in the operating room.
Computers that play chess and self-driving cars are two other examples of machines with artificial intelligence. Each of these machines must consider the implications of any action they take, as each action has an impact on the end result. In chess, the goal is to win the game. The computer system in self-driving cars must account for all external data and compute it in order to act in a way that prevents a collision.
Artificial intelligence is also used in the financial industry to detect and flag activity in banking and finance, such as unusual debit card usage and large account deposits—all of which help a bank’s fraud department. AI applications are also being used to help streamline and simplify trading. This is accomplished by making it easier to estimate the supply, demand, and pricing of securities.
Artificial Intelligence Types
Artificial intelligence is classified into two types: weak and strong. Weak artificial intelligence embodies a system designed to perform a single task. Weak AI systems include video games like the chess example from earlier, as well as personal assistants like Amazon’s Alexa and Apple’s Siri. You ask the assistant a question, and it responds.
Strong artificial intelligence systems are those that can perform tasks that are considered human-like. These are typically more complex and difficult systems. They are programmed to handle situations in which they may be required to solve problems without the intervention of a human. These systems are used in applications such as self-driving cars and hospital operating rooms.
Particular Considerations
Artificial intelligence has been scrutinized by both scientists and the general public since its inception. One recurring theme is the notion that machines will become so advanced that humans will be unable to keep up with them, and they will take off on their own, redesigning themselves at an exponential rate.
Another concern is that machines can invade people’s privacy and even be weaponized. Other debates center on the ethics of artificial intelligence and whether intelligent systems like robots should be accorded the same rights as humans.
Self-driving cars have been a source of contention because their machines are designed with the least amount of risk and casualties in mind. When presented with the option of colliding with one or more people at the same time, these cars would calculate which option would cause the least amount of damage.
Many people are concerned about how artificial intelligence will affect human employment. Many industries are looking to use intelligent machinery to automate certain jobs, raising concerns that people will be pushed out of the workforce. Self-driving cars could eliminate the need for taxis and car-sharing services, and manufacturers could easily replace human labor with machines, rendering people’s skills obsolete.
The first artificial intelligence is thought to have been a checkers-playing computer built in 1951 by computer scientists at Oxford University (UK).
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What Are the Four Kinds of AI?
Artificial intelligence is classified into four types.
Algorithms are used in reactive AI to optimize outputs based on a set of inputs. For example, chess AIs are reactive systems that optimize the best strategy to win the game. Reactive AI is typically fairly static, incapable of learning or adapting to novel situations. As a result, given identical inputs, it will produce the same output.
Memory limitations AI can learn from past experiences and update itself in response to new observations or data. The amount of updating is frequently limited (hence the name), and memory is relatively short. Self-driving cars, for example, can “read the road” and adapt to new situations, even “learning” from previous experience.
Theory-of-mind AI is fully adaptive and has a strong ability to learn and remember past experiences. Advanced chat-bots that can pass the Turing Test and fool a person into thinking the AI is a human being are examples of this type of AI. These AI, while advanced and impressive, are not self-aware.
As the name implies, self-aware AI becomes sentient and aware of its own existence. Some experts believe that an AI will never become conscious or “alive” because it is still in the realm of science fiction.
How Is Artificial Intelligence Used Today?
AI is widely used in a variety of applications today, with varying degrees of sophistication. Popular AI implementations include recommendation algorithms that suggest what you might like next, as well as chatbots that appear on websites or in the form of smart speakers (e.g., Alexa or Siri). AI is used to make weather and financial forecasting predictions, to streamline production processes, and to reduce various forms of redundant cognitive labor (e.g., tax accounting or editing). AI is also used to play games, drive autonomous vehicles, process language, and many other things.
How Is Artificial Intelligence Used in Healthcare?
AI is used to aid in diagnostics in healthcare settings. AI is excellent at detecting small anomalies in scans and can better triangulate diagnoses based on a patient’s symptoms and vitals. AI is also used to categorize patients, keep and track medical records, and handle health insurance claims. AI-assisted robotic surgery, virtual nurses or doctors, and collaborative clinical judgment are among the potential future innovations.
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